Mõnikord korraldavad rotid ka profülaktilisi rituaale. For more on trends in urbanism in the Baltic states, see this interview with Damiano Cerrone of Spin Unit, a collective founded in Tallinn which makes use of the latest technology to produce unconventional means of picturing cities - recently including a map of the three Baltic capital cities based on selfies posted to Instagram. Justice in Space. Ventspils' history can be read in the glossy guidebook published by the city council, a contemporary equivalent of the Progress Publishers Guides that would tell you about the achievements of the Soviet republican capitals.
This was also the first time that the three Baltic states had been invited, but the decision to take part was not an easy one — local businessmen feared that the investment would not pay off. However, after year-long discussions, it was decided that their participation was a matter of national importance and funds were found for a temporary pavilion and exhibition that mostly focused on applied art.
The magnificent Baltic pavilion won many awards and plaudits, and for the first time, at least according to the local press, it was possible to show the three small states as unique and non-Russian.
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The next major joint efforts by the Baltic States were born from the initiative of smaller active groups, and were spurred by the need to show the strength of their peoples under conditions where their states no longer existed: for example, by creating the Baltic University in exile a joint university for Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians in a German refugee camps, in operation between andor by joining hands and standing in ultimate isane fat loss stack line to achieve the restoration of independence.
This unity in times of trouble helped us: in the early s, we became Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania again, without any affixes, and had the chance to go our own way — Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Latvia… to the west? It was obvious that no one wanted to stand still — here in the East, in post-socialism, where, looking from Europe, everything was grey and simultaneously outdated and raw.
However, now it seems that the post-socialist condition, this transition from one system to another, where people attempt to deal with a difficult past and build a new future at the same time, leaving the present unattended, is gradually coming to an end. It seems that we are all slowly getting back — toidud suua slim alla kiiresti here, to the Baltics.
The younger generation which has grown up in ultimate isane fat loss stack independent Estonia with the Western world open to them, are rejecting the narrative of the Eastern European as somehow a stigma, instead seeing the Baltic states as a special place, and looking at the socialist heritage as a peculiarity of the region see the article on soft urbanism in this issue that attempts to define the urban social movements of the last decade, led by activists born in the s and later.
The decision to move the pavilion from Arsenale to the Palasport sports hall that is brutally stuck in the middle of Venice, right next to the main exhibition area, served to underline the aspirations to show the unity and the extraordinariness of the region.
Yet the eclectic exhibition tried to demonstrate the diversity of the region — we are one, but kuidas kaaluda loomulikult kaalulangust three separate ones or a hundred, if you will. The exhibition carries the spirit of the younger generation, accepting of the Soviet heritage, because, in this context, it is on a par with the beatings of Baltic German overlords — it is all one history, the pain of which they have not felt personally.
It is the attractiveness and relevance of these two endeavours that moved U, all too often centred on Tallinn, to join forces with Deep Baltic and explore the urban issues of the region. Because it is, after all, fascinating to explore how the Balts are once again finding unity at a time ultimate isane fat loss stack new and clear lines of political power are forming worldwide. The Baltic region has always been just a pawn in this game of chess.
After all, their slightly desperate attempt to exist for the West in all conceivable ways to be in the picture, to be a brand is understandable, as is the wish to be connected to Old Europe in a physical, even iron-clad way.
Discussions on the construction of Rail Baltica, a railway track through the three countries and the biggest joint infrastructure programme in the history of the Baltic states, are much too often concluded with a post-reindependence formulation: if you do not want what we are currently planning and we know there are errorsthen, basically, you should be prepared for a Russian invasion.
This use of fear-mongering to push through a badly conceived mega-project without due consideration is particularly sad considering the longevity of such structures. Despite the fact that here we often call ourselves the forest people, appreciate living in harmony with nature, going mushrooming and living in a ultimate isane fat loss stack that are among the richest in the world when it comes to forests, there are processes going on around us that go unnoticed by people who value our forests but live in cities.
One of the leaders of the Estonian forest protection movement, Linda-Mari Väli, publishes a piece of reportage about the double standards of Estonian national forestry policy and this same issue of the forests is continued on a regional scale by Kārlis Bērziņš, who uses visuals to show how land use in the Baltic states has changed since the end of the Soviet Union. And the local forest people are indeed becoming parimad voimalused rasva poletamiseks. However, urbanisation does not automatically mean that all our cities are doing really well now, with people flowing in and everything growing.
Instead, the status of cities is determined by demographic and geographical factors and processes, which are not very favourable for most cities today — in the Baltic states, only a small number of cities have a growing population.
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Another urban story is offered by Jonas Büchel and Will Mawhood in their visual and literary journey along what would have been the first metro line in the Baltic states, in Riga. Eemaldage jowl rasva was planned but never built, just as we have not been able to witness a blazing rebirth of Riga, the once-magnificent regional centre with a population of nearly a million.
Baltic cities ultimate isane fat loss stack still located in a thicket between the West and the East, connected to Europe through the Baltic Sea, and forever tied to Russia by land.
Arriving here mentally will take time but we have started somewhere. So congratulations to us all, because soon we will be at the centre — right between east and west! You should also be congratulated on obtaining a very special collaborative magazine, because this ultimate isane fat loss stack the first printed issue of Deep Baltic and possibly the last of U.
A round of applause, please! We take a bow and bow out. U19 — Deep Baltic editorial board Deep Baltic is an independent online magazine which runs weekly cultural, historical and travel features about Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. It was founded in October Outside the capital, which does have its concentration of big businesses and tourist draws, this is slimming brands. For Latvia, as the poorest country in the Baltics, one of the poorest in the European Union, as one hit extremely hard by the financial crisis — and whose return to growth owed a lot to driving down living standards — this means a lot.
What if there was a future other than managed decline and emigration? Frequently, in discussions with people about the depopulation and decline of their town, and what they can do about it, they will point to Ventspils as an example of what could be done.
Simultaneously with being considered the best managed city, it is considered to be the most corrupt city in Latvia, with its long serving Mayor and former head of the local Communist Party, Ultimate isane fat loss stack Lembergs, seemingly perpetually under investigation for dubious deals and kickbacks, although it has never resulted in him actually being prosecuted — or losing an election.
I had the unexpected pleasure of a tour of the city from its city architect in summera surreal experience of a city managed as a combination of industrial company town, theme park and children's playground.
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If being more like Ventspils is a possible solution to the rather sad, worn look of many Latvian towns, it is worth finding out exactly what the alternative is — and how they managed to fund it. Ventspils' history can be read in the glossy guidebook published by the city council, a contemporary equivalent of the Progress Publishers Guides that would tell you about the achievements of the Soviet republican capitals.
The history told therein is the usual attempt to create a monoethnic narrative out of Kurzeme, once the multicultural imperial province of Kurland, shifting between the land of the ancient Livonians, to the Grand Duchy — a German governed autonomous part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose fleet once claimed colonies in West Africa and the Caribbean — though the Russian Empire and independence.
More controversial matters are avoided, from the revolution, when Ventspils — Windau, Vindava — erupted, like all of Kurland, in a ferocious socialist uprising, before being brutally pacified by Ultimate isane fat loss stack troops — to the brief Latvian Soviet Republic.
The silence extends to the Holocaust, when Kurzeme's large Jewish population was exterminated, largely by the Latvian Auxiliary Police. History then leaps fromand the flight of the liberal Latvian Central Council to Stockholm, to the s environmental movement that would lead, uniquely, to independence. As a narrative, there's nothing in the story that Ventspils tells about itself that could possibly offend a Latvian nationalist.
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In the s, an oil terminal was built here with the assistance of the American investor Armand Hammer and his company Occidental Petroleum, for the export of fossil fuels from the Soviet interior kaalulangus 260 kuni 160 the Baltic to northwestern Europe.
The large Free Port of Ventspils is still based around this, and it has been a Special Economic Zone sinceduring which it has become a highly tara slimming review capitalist enterprise.
It is the Oil Terminal that first makes it obvious quite what sort of a town you are in, on arrival from the bus station. Ultimate isane fat loss stack is a small square, built around the Lutheran Church, a diminutive piece of Petersburgian classicism, and an ensemble of little houses, wood and stucco, leading down to the historic market square. As you step down towards the market, you can't help but see the Terminal — a continuous metal conduit, stained red and black, suspended on tiny little metal struts, connected by pipes and gantries to domed containers, leading further to spindly, rusty cranes, and in the middle ultimate isane fat loss stack all of this, dwarfed, a couple of grimy, late 19th century dock buildings.
The sudden shift from the Lilliputian scale of the houses and the church to this Constructivist monster is the most remarkable thing in the town, and a constant reminder of what exactly it revolves around. In front of it, dotted along the quayside promenade, and the passenger port that can take you to Sweden, North Germany, Denmark, is a series of fibreglass cows.
They have been decorated in a variety of costumes. Suitcase cow, decorated with stamps and stickers from foreign destinations.
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Riot kreatiin rasvapoleti kombinatsioon cow, with shield and armour. There's also a little group of souvenir shops, where you can buy a mug with the face of Aivars Lembergs. Here Daiga Dzedone met us, the chief architect of Ventspils, who in that capacity has been responsible for much of the makeover the city has received. Very kindly she offered us a tour of the city, so we could see how it had been transformed, as she described, from a depopulating and extremely polluted industrial port, its very air poisoned by ammonia, with a town centre people would actively avoid due to the proximity of the dirty, filthy dangerous industry, to a local tourist draw with a blue flag beach, a public art programme, and very unusually for Latvia, a growing population.
She avoids taking us around the oil terminal, but it is clear this is where the money for it all has come from — that, and the European Union structural funds that have been ploughed into the country since accession, which are much more conspicuous here than in the pot-holed, half-decrepit, financial crisis-stricken boulevards of other Latvian cities.
In front of these is a hilariously walrus-faced statue of a Red Army general, Jānis Fabricuss, one of the very many Courlanders to throw in his lot with the Bolsheviks.
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Its survival is surprising, but then the Red Riflemen do still stand guard in the centre of Riga. The strident working class politics that the riflemen stood for is harder to find. Rather than lingering here, Dzedone whisks us off to the Jūras Vārti House of Culture on the other side of the docks.
It's an area dominated by tiny wooden houses, which, at the turn of the century could be built here at a discount, as a means by the Tsarist government to attract residents to an area that, even then, was beset by pollution, with the prevailing winds blowing in precisely this direction.
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The result is a little fragment of the sort of villagey townscape you can find in somewhere like Kuldīga: winding streets, recently repaved with EU money, between modest, one-storey clapboard houses, painted yellow, red, blue, green. She doesn't linger on these, though — the point is the new building, which is in fact a remodelling and expansion of a typical Soviet House of Culture, with the same sort of multifunctional high culture you'd have got in one those — classical music, opera, theatre, maybe a bit of panto to bring in the receipts, and some very bad painting exhibited on the walls.
The no doubt worn and creaking Soviet structure has been overlaid with shiny but cheap-looking materials, everything bright and wipe-clean; we get a rather too extensive tour, shown everything about it from the mechanism that lowers and raises the stage to the small and large dressing rooms the latter for stars, the former for dancers and the like.
The landscaping of the green strips between with fountains and lots and lots of flower arranging feels very Soviet though — the place it most resembles in the region is the Baltic states' apparent antithesis, for its institutionalised Communist nostalgia — Belarus.
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Affluent, clean, conformist, fully employed, and run by a very popular big man. The streets have been repaved, but the seams between the panels here are visibly coming loose. On the other side of the Free Port is another large Soviet estate of the s, and a much more interesting one — the standardised type, but the Latvian SSR standard rather than a generic Union one, and superior to it both functionally, and, with their expressive brick details, visually. Dzedone tells us this one is soon to get the styrofoam and lime green paint treatment, and here, if nowhere else in the town, it would be a shame.
So-called Belarus Station housing estate Oddly, however, the sense we get from the city architect's version of the city is that buildings don't really matter.
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What she wants us to see are things like the camp-sites in the woods, which apparently have a several months-long waiting list, and are indeed very attractively designed, in lightweight, crisp little chalets under pines.
She wanted us to see the endlessly sprinkling fountains and incredibly literal sculptures — around ten giant anchors, on all the entrances to the beach, a big chair made up of chains by the car park.
The several sports centres, and a seemingly interminable quantity of playgrounds. Cynical local opinion puts these down to Lembergs having recently sired. No child, apparently, ever has to queue for a slide or a swing ultimate isane fat loss stack Ventspils. The huge amount of children's infrastructure — from a ski-jump to a genuinely rather delightful children's railway running between the beach and the woods, which doesn't quite compensate for the closure of the city's railway station — helps make the place feel a tad infantile, as if it were planned not to accommodate children, but just for children.
For them, too, there is little space for surprise or discovery — everything is spelled out. Architecturally, some of the new work in Ventspils is excellent, especially by contemporary Latvian standards. The City Council itself is housed in an eco-friendly HQ in an oil town! Today the area is apparently popular with Russian émigrés.
Similarly interesting is the suburban Pārventa Library, in a workaday area of renovated tenements. Two brittle curved steel and glass curves interlocking around a multi-storey atrium over benches with beanbags, to a competition-winning design by INDIA architects — this one even made its way into the English-language architectural digests.
The confidence of the design is somewhat contradicted by the awful paintings of nudes and landscapes on the wall, the sort of stuff a street-corner tourist painter might think twice about exhibiting; it all feels oversized, the readers made tiny by the space. With a big EU funded concert hall slated to supplement the Jūras Vārti House of Culture, there's almost a sense of over-provision of culture here, more than a town of 40, people could really need.
It is hard to resent them this city — the boom ended, as it always would, but at least they have something to show for it. You can mock it quite easily. Ventspils, always stay ahead of the curve! For more from Owen Hatherley, see Deep Baltic's interview with Owen about his book Landscapes of Communism, which considers the built heritage of Communist rule throughout central and eastern Europe - including extensive passages on the Soviet architecture of Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius. Many participants were surprised to realise that several of the organisations celebrated their tenth birthday last year.
But where do the roots of this new inter-disciplinarity and desire to have a say in spatial issues lie?
Lütfen çeviriye yardım edin:
It seems that the change in thinking brought on by the westernisation of the younger generations is not characteristic of Estonia and Tallinn alone; similar developments can also be seen in the capitals of Latvia and Lithuania as well as in other post-socialist countries.
The development of urban planning in the post-socialist space The s have recently become a trendy subject again. The insane and often indefinable situation following the immediate aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the concomitant freedom and the chance to dream engenders a certain nostalgia in our post-economic-crisis world. The s saw the emergence of new power structures and the articulation of social ideals in former Soviet countries, often in a reactionary manner and in opposition to the former regime, and obviously following the example of the neoliberal market economy that was prevalent in the West at the time.
While the relationship to the Soviet era has now changed somewhat — the tendency to romanticise the West and the need to distance oneself from the East is not as evident now — these initial processes still greatly affect the present day of post-socialist societies.
When it comes to urban planning, a more in-depth look at the developments in Estonia and Tallinn in the s is offered by Sampo Ruoppila. See Ruoppila, Sampo. Kaks linna — kaks projekti. Read more in Feldman, M.